Natural Sciences
Courses....................................................................................................................Page
Natural Science
(NSC)……............…..................................................................…112
Biology
(BIOL)………………...……......................................................................….114
Mathematics and Computer Science
(MATH)…...................................................118
Chemistry
(CHEM)……………….....…....................................................................123
Geology and Environmental Science
(GEOL)....................................................…125
Physical
Science(PHSC)……………...................................................................…..126
Physics and
Astronomy.(PHS)……..................................................................……127
Degrees and Majors
Bachelor of Science with Majors in:
Biology
(General)……………...………..…................................................................113
Biology
(Pre-Professional)……..……..................................................................…..113
Biology (Recombinant Gene
Technology)..........................................................113
Chemistry
(Comprehensive)….......….................................................................…122
Chemistry
(Pre-Professional)...............................................................................…122
Comprehensive Mathematics
……...................................................................…..117
Computer
Science/Mathematics.........................................................................…117
Mathematics
……………..………....................................................................…….117
Bachelor of Science in Computer Information
Systems……..........................…..118
Bachelor of Science in Education with
Certifications in: Biology 9-12……........113
Chemistry
9-12…………......………..................................................................……122
General Science 5-9,
5-12………..................................................................…...….111
Mathematics 5-9,
5-12…………...................................................................……….118
Bachelor of Science in Environmental
Geosciences…………...........................….124
Bachelor of Science in Medical
Technology………………….............................….129
Minors, Emphases, and Other Programs
Biology………………………………….....………….....………….....…….………….....113
Chemistry…………………………………….....………….....…….………….....……...122
Computer
Science…………………………….....………….....….…………….....….…117
Geology……………………………………….....………….....…….………….....……...125
Mathematics…………………………………….....…………......……………….......….118
Medicine and
Dentistry……………………….....………….....….…………….....…...112
Physics………………………………………….....………….....….…………….....….…127
Pre-Actuarial
Science………………………….....………….....….…………….....……118
Statistics……………………………………….....………….....…….………….....…..…118
THE DIVISION OF NATURAL
SCIENCES includes the Department of Biology, page 112; the
Department of Mathematics (mathematics and computer science),
page 116; the Department of Physical Sciences (chemistry,
geology and environmental science, physics, physical science,
and medical technology), page 122; and courses in the
Natural Sciences. In addition to the Bachelor of Science degree
and the Bachelor of Science in Education degree, the Division
offers the Bachelor of Science in Environmental Geosciences,
the Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology, and the Bachelor
of Science in Computer Information Systems.
Pre-professional studies in medicine and dentistry (page
112) may be combined with any of the Bachelor of Science
programs.
The Bachelor of Science in Education
– General Science 5-9 and 5-12
The degree of Bachelor
of Science in Education, with certification to teach General
Science, requires successful completion of 128 semester hours
including (1) the Program of General Studies; (2) the
Professional Semester for the certificate chosen (page 55); and
(3) the requirements associated with the following certificates:
Certificate for Grades
5-12 (pages 70-71). Students may complete a single field in
General Science 5-12; however, it is highly recommended that
this field be combined with at least one of the other fields
described under the Bachelor of Science in Education, section
II (page 54). The college residence requirement (page
185) can be satisfied by completing 9 hours of science course
work for the certification at the 200 level or higher at
Concord.
Certificate for Grades 5-9 (page
70).
Students may combine a
subject specialization in General Science 5-9 with either (1)
the Elementary K-6 program (page 60); (2) a specialization for
grades 9-12 (page 72-73); or (3) a specialization for grades
5-12 (page 62-74). The college residency requirement may be
satisfied by completing N SC 414 A, B (3 hrs) and 5 hours of
lower-division coursework in the general science 5-9
certification.
Natural Sciences
Natural Sciences Courses (NSC)
300C Biogeography. (3)
Prerequisites: BIOL 101-102 or consent of
instructor.
Geologic and geographic development of the
Appalachian Mountains and their floral and faunal communities.
May be used as a Biology elective.
300D Science and Religion. (3)
Prerequisites: Two laboratory science
courses or consent of instructor.
Science in relation to diverse world
views. A comparative study in the history and philosophy of
science and religion.
414A Special Methods in the Teaching of
the Natural Sciences. (2)
Prerequisites: EDUC 306 required previously
or concurrently; EDUC 310 recommended.
Observation, discussion, and participation
are utilized in order to provide prospective teachers a working
knowledge of appropriate methods and media for teaching
concepts and laboratory techniques and phenomena of the various
areas of the natural sciences. (F)
414B Middle Level Science Education. (1)
Prerequisites: Concurrent or prior
registration in Natural Sciences 414A
Practical field experience and instruction
in the teaching of science at the middle level. (F)
414C Secondary Level Science Education (1)
Prerequisites: Concurrent or prior
registration in Natural Sciences 414A. (1)
Practical field experience and instruction
in the teaching of science at the secondary level. (F)
Medicine and Dentistry
Students
who plan to study medicine or dentistry should complete the
Bachelor of Science degree, with a major in biology, chemistry,
or mathematics, and they should complete the following courses
in order to enhance their chances for acceptance into medical
school: BIOL 101, 102, 202, 302, 401; CHEM 101, 102,
103B, 331, 332, 341; PHYS 101, 102; MATH 103, 104. ART 323 is
recommended for dental school preparation.
Department of Biology
Programs in the
Department of Biology are designed to help prepare students for
careers in biology teaching, biological specialties, and health
related areas. For each of these careers there is a need
to understand the explanatory principles of biology and basic
methods of biological investigation. Required and
elective course work help achieve these objectives.
Students choosing their
work in biology may pursue (1) the Bachelor of Science
degree with a biology (pre-professional) major, (2) the
Bachelor of Science degree with a biology (general) major, (3)
the Bachelor of Science degree with a biology (recombinant gene
technology) major or (4) the Bachelor of Science in Education
degree.
The pre-professional
major is designed for students planning on going to medical
school or pursuing a career in another health related area and
for individuals interested in molecular biology and/or
physiology. The general major is intended for students
who are interested in field-oriented biology, such as natural
history, fish and game, national and state parks and refuges,
etc., or in other areas with less emphasis on the molecular
level. The area of emphasis in recombinant gene
technology (RGT) will allow students to gain experience and
knowledge in the rapidly growing fields of molecular biology,
biotechnology, and genetics. Students successfully
completing the program will be prepared for graduate studies in
molecular biology and genetics, forensic science, or employment
as a research technician.
A minor field in
biology is available for students who are majoring in other
disciplines.
A student must earn a
grade average of 2.00 (C) in all courses required for the
major, minor, or any certification option. Other courses
taken in the Department will be included in the average.
The Bachelor of Science
The degree of Bachelor of Science, with a
major in biology, requires successful completion of 128
semester hours including (1) the Program of General Studies
(six hours of foreign language is recommended); (2) one of the
biology programs listed on this page; and (3) a program of
electives or a minor* as worked out with the student’s
advisor.
Major in Biology (General)
•32 hours in biology—BIOL 101**,
102**, 201, 202, 301, 302, 372, 401, 450 or 451;
•12 hours in chemistry—CHEM 101,
102, 103B, 331,332 (recommended);
•8 hours in physics—PHYS 101,
102;
•8 or 9 hours in
mathematics—MATH 103, 104, and one course from , 105, or
200 and higher (250 recommended);
•16 hours of science electives (at
least 8 hours in biology; NSC 300C may be substituted for three
of these hours).
Major in Biology (Pre-Professional)
•36 hours in biology—BIOL 101**,
102**, 201, 202, 301, 302, one of the following: 235, 237, 330,
372, 401, 450 or 451;
•19 hours in chemistry—CHEM 101,
102, 103B, 331, 332, 341;
•8 hours in physics—PHYS 101,
102;
•8 or 9 hours in
mathematics—MATH 103, 104, and one course from 105,
or 200 and higher (250 recommended);
•10 hours of science electives (at
least 6 hours in biology; NSC 300C may be substituted for three
of these hours).
Major in Biology (Recombinant Gene
Technology)
• 40 hours in biology- BIOL 101**,
102**, 201, 202, 301, 302, 330, 372, 401, 420 (recommended),
430, 450 or 451;
• 19 hours in chemistry- CHEM 101,
102, 103B, 331, 332, 341;
• 8 hours in physics- PHYS 101, 102;
• 8 or 9 hours in mathematics- MATH
103, 104, and one course from 105, 200 and higher ( 250 is
highly recommended);
• 10 hours in science electives (at
least 6 hours in biology; N SC 300 may be substituted for three
of these hours).
• RGT students should begin the
sequence of courses in biology (BIOL 101) and chemistry (CHEM
101) their first semester in order to complete all of the
necessary prerequisites to avoid later conflicts in scheduling
and completing the program in four years.
• Science electives for each program
may come from courses listed under Biology, Chemistry, Physics,
Geology, Math- ematics (course numbers 200 and higher), Natural
Science 300C or D, Geography 300, or Psychology 370 and/or 402.
*Minors recommended for biology majors are
those in chemistry, physics, mathematics, computer science, or
statistics.
**Students with a strong background in
biology should consider taking the CLEP examination in biology
for credit for Biology 101 and 102.
Minor in Biology
BIOL 101, 102, and twelve additional hours
in Biology. Geography 300, Psychology 370, Psychology
402, Natural Science 300C or Natural Science 300D may be
substituted for three of these hours.
The Bachelor of Science in Education
The degree of Bachelor
of Science in Education, with certification to teach biology,
requires successful completion of 128 semester hours, including
(1) the Program of General Studies; (2) the Professional
Semester for the certificate chosen; and (3) the requirements
associated with the following certificate.
Certificate for Grades 9-12 (page 71).
Students with a field in Biology 9-12 are encouraged to
complete a teaching field in General Science.
Biology Courses (BIOL)
101 General Biology I. (4)
Cellular metabolism; structures and
functions of animals and plants; characteristics of scientific
thought. Three hours lecture, two hours laboratory. (F)
102 General Biology II. (4)
Prerequisite: BIOL 101 recommended but not
required.
Cellular reproduction; basic genetics;
evolution; ecology; human implications of these topics.
Three hours lecture, two hours laboratory. (S)
201 Ecology and Field Methods. (4)
Prerequisites: BIOL 101 and 102 or consent
of instructor.
Taxonomy, ecological principles, major
terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, fundamentals of human
ecology, quantitative field study techniques. Three hours
lecture, two hours laboratory. This course cannot be used
to fulfill a General Studies requirement. (F)
202 Animals as Organisms. (4)
Prerequisites: BIOL 101 and CHEM 101.
Form, function, behavior, development, and
classification in the major animal groups. Three hours
lecture, three hours laboratory. (S)
205 Tropical and Marine Biology. (2)
Prerequisites: BIOL 101 and/or 102 and
permission of instructor.
Introduction to tropical marine and
terrestrial ecosystems. Will include a one- to two- week
field study.
215 Medicinal Plants and
Ethnobotany. (4)
Prerequisites: BIOL 101, 102, or consent of
instructor.
The use of plants as medicines, poisons,
and hallucinogens which provide the basis for modern medicine
and pharmacology. Examines the interactions of plants and
traditional peoples. Three hours lecture, two hours
laboratory.
220 Biology and Cultures of Belize.
(4)
Prerequisites: BIOL 101 and/or 102 and
permission of instructor.
A comprehensive study of Belize, Central
America, including a one to two week expedition to the country
to investigate the coral reefs, tropical rain forests, and
indigenous cultures.
225 Special Topics. (1-5)
Prerequisites: To be specified by
instructor.
Courses in diverse areas of biology.
Specific topics to be announced; these indicated by
appropriate title on student transcript. May be taken for
credit repeatedly.
230 Ornithology. (3)
Prerequisites: BIOL 101, 102, or consent of
instructor.
Anatomy, taxonomy, evolution,
biogeography, flight, migration, behavior, reproduction, and
field identification of birds. Two hours lecture and two
hours laboratory.
231 Herpetology. (3)
Prerequisite: BIOL 101, 102, or consent of
instructor.
Anatomy, taxonomy, evolution, life
history, biogeography, physiology, and identification of
amphibians and reptiles. Two hours lecture, two hours
laboratory.
234 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Prerequisites: BIOL 101 and 102. Not open
to biology majors; cannot be used to satisfy requirements in
biology program
Structure and function of cells and
tissues. Anatomy and physiology of the human
integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, and cardiovascular
systems. Relationship of homeostasis to health.
Laboratory includes applied physiology exercises as well
as essential macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. Three
hours lecture, two hours laboratory.
235 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Prerequisites: BIOL 101 and 102. Open
to biology majors only.
Structure and function of cells and
tissues. Anatomy and physiology of the human
integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, and cardiovascular
systems. Relationship of homeostasis to health.
Laboratory includes detailed study of macrosopic and
microscopic anatomy as well as physiology activities and case
studies. Three hours lecture, two hours laboratory.
236 Human Anatomy and Physiology II
Prerequisites: BIOL 101 and 102. BIOL
234 recommended but not required. Not open to biology
majors; cannot be used to satisfy requirements in biology
program.
Anatomy and physiology of the human
respiratory, lymphatic, immune, endocrine, digestive, urinary,
and reproductive systems. Relationship of homeostasis to
health. Laboratory includes applied physiology exercises
as well as essential macroscopic and microscopic anatomy.
Three hours lecture, two hours laboratory.
237 Human Anatomy and Physiology II
Prerequisites: BIOL 101 and 102. BIOL
235 recommended but not required. Open to biology majors
only.
Anatomy and physiology of the human
respiratory, lymphatic, immune, endocrine, digestive, urinary,
and reproductive systems. Relationship of homeostasis to
health. Laboratory includes detailed study of macroscopic
and microscopic anatomy as well as physiology activities and
case studies. Three hours lecture, two hours laboratory.
240 Parasitology. (4)
Prerequisite: BIOL 101.
General principles of parasitology,
including morphology and life histories of animal parasites.
Three hours lecture, two hours laboratory.
245 Entomology. (3)
Prerequisites: BIOL 101, 102, or consent of
instructor.
Biology of insects, including morphology,
physiology, behavior, ecology, and classification. Two
hours lecture, two hours laboratory.
260 Local Flora. (3)
Prerequisites: BIOL 101, 102, or consent of
instructor
Principles of identifying, classifying,
naming, and preserving plants, with emphasis on the local
flora. Two hours lecture, three hours laboratory.
301 Plants as Organisms. (4)
Prerequisites: BIOL 101, 102, CHEM 101,
102, Junior standing or higher
Form and function in the major plant
groups, with emphasis on evolutionary trends. Three hours
lecture, three hours laboratory. (F)
302 Cell and Molecular Biology. (3)
Prerequisites: BIOL 101, CHEM 101,
102 and 103B, 331 or junior standing.
Biology, chemistry, and physics of living
systems at the cellular and molecular levels. Three hours
lecture, three hours laboratory. (S)
330 Microbiology. (4)
Prerequisites: BIOL 101, CHEM 102, 103B;
CHEM 331 recommended.
The biology of micro-organisms and of the
immune system, applied microbiology, laboratory procedures.
Three hours lecture, three hours laboratory. (S)
355 Histology. (4)
Prerequisites: BIOL 101, CHEM 101
A detailed study of the tissues of
vertebrate animals, with emphasis on functional anatomy and
tissue preparation. Recommended for students planning a
career in medicine or medical technology. Three hours
lecture, three hours laboratory.
360 Comparative Vertebrate
Anatomy. (4)
Prerequisite: BIOL 202 or consent of
instructor.
Anatomy of the chordates as related to
evolution and function. Two hours lecture, three hours
laboratory.
365 Developmental Biology. (3)
Prerequisite: BIOL 202, 302 (concurrent or
prior registration)
Morphogenesis and molecular
mechanisms in animal development; laboratory includes
both invertebrate and vertebrate embryology. Two
hours lecture, two hours laboratory.
370 Evolution. (3)
Prerequisites: BIOL 101 and 102; BIOL 401
recommended but not required.
Modern theories of chemical and organic
evolution: evidence, processes, results. Philosophical,
religious, and educational implications. (S)
372 Introduction to Research. (3)
Prerequisities: BIOL 201 and Junior
standing.
The nature of science and scientific
research, research design, analysis of research reports,
philosophy and ethics of scientific investigations. (S)
373 Research. (3)
Prerequisite: BIOL 372 or consent of
Department Chairperson.
This course is the first part of a
two-semester research project providing experience in searching
out and reviewing pertinent literature, preparing a research
proposal, doing the research, and presenting both oral and
written research reports, the latter subject to rigorous
editing. Publication of the results of outstanding
projects is encouraged. A grade for this course is not
given until completion of BIOL 374. (F,S)
374 Research. (3)
Completion of work begun in BIOL 373.
(F,S)
401 Genetics. (4)
Prerequisites: BIOL 101, 302, or consent
of instructor; BIOL 102 recommended; CHEM 331
Mendelian, cytological, microbial,
molecular, and population genetics. Three hours lecture, three
hours laboratory. (F)
410 Neurobiology (4)
Prequisites: BIOL 101, 102, 302 (prior or
concurrent registration).
Organization of the nervous system, neural
signaling, sensory and motor systems, neural basis of behavior,
development, learning and memory. Laboratory exercises
include neuroanatomy studies and neurophysiology experiments.
Three hours lecture, three hours laboratory.
420 Immunology. (4)
Prerequisites: BIOL 101, concurrent or
prior registration in BIOL 302, Chem 331 recommended, or
consent of instructor.
Immunochemistry of antigens and
antibodies, serological reactions, chemistry of complement,
control of immunity, and the host immune response. Lab
will consist of serological and immunobiological techniques.
Three hours lecture, three hours laboratory.
425 Special Topics. (1-5)
Prerequisites: To be specified by
instructor.
Courses in diverse areas of biology.
Specific topics to be announced; these indicated by
appropriate title on student transcript. May be taken for
credit repeatedly.
430 Recombinant Gene Technology (4)
Prerequisites: BIOL 302, CHEM 331, 332,
PHYS 101, 102
Emphasis is placed on the experimental
approach to many different techniques of molecular biology.
Techniques include: DNA isolation, cloning, sequencing,
nucleic acid and protein hybridizations, polymerase chain
reaction (PCR), and expression and detection of recombinant
proteins. Application of these techniques in areas of
genetics, cell biology, medicine, and biochemistry will also be
discussed. The course is set up to allow the student to
design a research project where they will use the techniques to
better understand a gene. Two hours lecture, six hours
laboratory.
450-451 Biology Seminar. (1,1)
Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing.
Either course may be taken first.
Detailed reports on specific topics in
Biology and related fields. Emphasis on justification of
assertions. Topics that involve controversy help
illuminate the nature of science. In each semester of
enrollment, each student will present one seminar and lead the
discussion. Some seminars by guest speakers.
Visitors are welcome. (Both courses can be repeated
for credit.) (450 in S, 451 in F)
480-481 Honors Courses. (3,3)
Juniors and seniors who qualify for Honors
Courses are offered the opportunity to study with individual
members of the faculty. This is specialized study apart
from conventional classroom work. Interested students
should contact the Department Chairperson for further
information. (F,S)
Department of Mathematics
Programs offered by the
Department of Mathematics are designed to prepare students for
mathematics and/or computer science related
vocations—including the teaching of mathematics and
computer science. The programs also prepare the student
for continuing study in these subject areas beyond the
undergraduate level.
The Department of Mathematics offers the
following options: (I) the Bachelor of Science degree program
with (a) a Comprehensive Mathematics major, (b) a Computer
Science major, and (c) a Mathematics major with a minor; (II)
the Computer Information Systems degree program; and (III) the
Bachelor of Science in Education degree program with
certification specializations for (a) grades 5-9 and (b) grades
5-12. Student programs are planned in consultation with
an advisor from the Department of Mathematics. Minors
for non-education degree programs are offered in Mathematics,
Statistics, and Computer Science. Formal recognition is
given to students who successfully supplement a degree program
with an emphasis in Pre-Actuarial Science.
Students may not enroll
in a mathematics course unless a minimum score of 19 is earned
on the mathematics section of the Enhanced ACT test, or a
minimum score of 430 on the quantitative portion of the PRSAT
test, or sufficient scores on the numerical test and elementary
algebra test of the ASSET test. Students not meeting
these minimal requirements must successfully complete the
development program consisting of MATH 090 and/or 091.
Students electing one
of the programs of this Department must have at least one unit
in high school geometry. A deficiency in high school
geometry may be removed by successful completion of MATH 200,
Introductory Geometry.
An overall grade point
average of 2.00 (C) or higher in all required courses is needed
for successful completion of any of the programs, including
minors, certifications, or “areas of emphasis” of
this Department. For non-educational programs, grades
obtained in MATH 101, 110, 305, and 414 cannot be used to meet
this minimal 2.00 grade point average requirement.
Non-education majors are required to take an asssessment test
in their field during the senior year.