Knowledge for Practice. Demonstrate knowledge about established and evolving biomedical and clinical sciences and the application of this knowledge to patient care.

1. Demonstrate investigative and critical thinking in clinical situations.
2. Identify and interpret current, peer-reviewed, and evidence-based sources of medical information.
3. Apply principles of epidemiology to identify health problems, risk factors, treatment strategies, resources, and disease prevention/health promotion efforts for individuals and populations.
4. Recognize normal and abnormal health states.
5. Discern among acute, chronic, and emergent disease states.
6. Apply principles of clinical sciences to diagnose disease and utilize therapeutic decision-making, clinical problem-solving, and other evidence-based practice skills.
7. Apply principles of social-behavioral sciences to provision of patient care, including assessment of the impact of psychosocial and cultural influences on health, disease, care seeking, care compliance, and barriers to and attitudes toward care.

Interpersonal and Communication Skills. Demonstrate interpersonal and communication skills that result in the effective exchange of information and collaboration with patients, their families and health professionals.

1. Communicate effectively with patients, families, and the public across a broad range of socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds, adapting communication skills to effectively elicit and provide information according to the context of the interaction.
2. Establish meaningful, therapeutic relationships with patients and families to ensure that patient’s values and preferences are addressed and that needs and goals are met to deliver culturally competent, person-centered care.
3. Demonstrate insight and understanding about emotions and human responses to emotions that allow one to develop and manage interpersonal interaction.
4. Document patient information in the medical record that is comprehensive, accurate, timely, and meets all professional expectations for clinical, legal, quality, and financial purposes.
5. Communicate effectively with colleagues within one’s profession or specialty, other health professionals, and health related agencies.
6. Demonstrate sensitivity, honesty, and compassion in all conversations, including those about death, end of life, adverse events, bad news, disclosure of errors, and other sensitive topics.

Patient Care. Provide person-centered care that includes patient- and setting-specific assessment, evaluation, and management, along with providing healthcare that is evidence-based, supports patient safety, and advances health equity.

1. Gather essential and accurate information about patients and their condition through history-taking, physical examination, and the use of laboratory data, imaging, and other tests.
2. Order and interpret diagnostic and screening studies based on clinical data, evidence-based guidelines, and patient values.
3. Synthesize essential information from previous records, history, physical exam, and initial diagnostic evaluations to propose a scientifically supported differential diagnosis.
4. Develop and implement evidence-based management plans for patients across the lifespan in a variety of settings.
5. Identify social determinants of health and integrate this information to provide patient-centered care.
6. Perform commonly utilized clinical procedures with proper technique and attention to patient safety.
7. Provide effective, equitable, understandable, and respectful quality care that is responsive to diverse cultural health beliefs and practices, preferred languages, health literacy, and other communication needs.
8. Counsel and educate patients and their families to empower them to participate in their care and enable shared decision-making.
9. Provide healthcare services to patients, families, and communities aimed at preventing health problems or maintaining health.
10. Refer patients, as appropriate, to ensure continuity of care between healthcare providers and settings.

Interprofessional Collaboration. Engage in an interprofessional team in a manner that optimizes safe, effective patient- and population-centered care.

1. Work with other health professionals to provide collaborative, patient-centered care while maintaining a climate of mutual respect, dignity, diversity, ethical integrity, and trust.
2. Use the knowledge of one’s own role and the roles of other health professionals to appropriately assess and address the health care needs of the patients and populations served.
3. Collaborate with other professionals to integrate clinical care and public health interventions.
4. Utilize the full scope of knowledge, skills, and abilities of available health professionals to provide care that is safe, timely, efficient, effective, and equitable.

Practice-Based Learning and Quality Improvement. Evaluate one’s care of patients, to appraise and assimilate scientific evidence, and to continuously improve patient care based on constant self-evaluation and life-long learning.

1. Exhibit self-awareness to identify strengths, address deficiencies, and recognize limits in one’s knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviors.
2. Perform learning activities that address gaps in knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviors.
3. Systematically analyze practice using quality improvement methods and performance data, and implement changes with the goal of practice improvement, patient safety, and provision of cost-effective healthcare.
4. Continually analyze and implement new guidelines, standards, products, or services that have been demonstrated to improve outcomes.

Professionalism and Personal Development. Commit to practicing medicine in ethically and legally appropriate ways and exhibit professional maturity and accountability for delivering safe and quality care to patients and populations.

1. Practice medicine with compassion, integrity, and respect for others.
2. Demonstrate sensitivity and responsiveness to patient needs that supersedes self-interest.
3. Demonstrate respect for patient’s privacy and autonomy.
4. Demonstrate accountability to patients of all backgrounds, society and the profession.
5. Demonstrate cultural humility and responsiveness to a diverse population.
6. Demonstrate a commitment to ethical principles pertaining to provision or withholding care, confidentiality, informed consent, and business practices.
7. Adhere to standards of care, and to laws, policies, and regulations governing the delivery of care in the United States.
8. Identify biases and implement strategies to prevent their impact on patient care.
9. Demonstrate a commitment to personal wellness, self-care, and healthy coping mechanisms to respond to stress that supports the provision of quality patient care.
10. Demonstrate trustworthiness that makes colleagues feel secure when one is responsible for the care of patients.
11. Demonstrate self-confidence that puts patients, families, and members of the health care team at ease.

Once students demonstrate program competencies and are ready to enter clinical practice, they can be entrusted with the following professional activities.

Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA)

1. Interview a patient to gather essential information and perform a technically proficient physical examination.
2. Prioritize a differential diagnosis.
3. Order and interpret diagnostic and screening tests.
4. Locate, critically evaluate, integrate, and appropriately apply scientific evidence to patient care.
5. Develop and implement patient management plans.
6. Perform clinical and technical procedures as indicated.
7. Document and orally present a clinical encounter.
8. Collaborate as a member of an interprofessional team.
9. Provide transfer of care in a variety of settings.
10. Identify patients requiring a higher level of care and initiate appropriate evaluation and management.
11. Contribute to a culture of safety and quality.
12. Incorporate principles of cultural competence across the healthcare continuum.